What Medical Schools Don’t Teach You
Global Health Master’s Thesis Project
Role: Lead Researcher
Scope: Qualitative, Quantitative
Methods used: Literature Review, quantitative medical school and lecture analysis, focus groups, in-depth interviews
Faculty Mentors: Saiba Varma Ph.D; Bonnie Kaiser Ph.D; Sandra Daley M.D.
Timeline: September 2020- Present (Estimated 10 months)
Project Background
The lack of mandatory racially aware medical training in the LCME guidelines has resulted in many medical professionals disregarding or perpetuating racial inequalities in clinical settings.
Currently, the LCME creates a standardized curriculum for the first four years of medical school. Yearly, the LCME publishes a guide of standards to help make sure curriculum and practices are universalized. Specifically, Standard 7, Curricular Content list, outlines a recommended curriculum. However, out of nine of the overarching curriculums, only one, section 7.6, closely resembles any sort of anti-racist curriculum that medical schools can optionally opt into. Specifically, in section 7.6, this guideline gives educators the option to teach students to recognize bias in themselves and in the health care delivery process but does not require educators to teach students to identify, understand, or even address social inequalities in clinical settings and mitigate systemic racism in medicine.

Client’s Goal
Should UCSD Medical School, specifically the Director of Health Equity, change the medical school’s curriculum?
Study Design Goal
To quantify how many medical schools in the United States include anti-racism curriculum in their 4 year curriculum plan, understand how race is talked about in medical school curricular slides, and gain insight on how BIPOC and non BIPOC students perceive, experience, and feel about how race is being taught in the medical curriculum.
Stakeholders
Dean of Equity Thread, Instructors, Students
Research Question 1
How can I actively decolonize my research methods?
Type
Exploratory analysis
Method
Literature review
Reasoning
With the goal of making visible and urgent the need to transform existing medical school curriculums towards a more social and racial justice oriented framework, I plan to center my project in a decolonial and antiracist design. As a researcher, I conducted a large literature review in order to make my thesis complement and boost the efforts that are underway in the Anti Racism Coalition.
Research Question 2
Do the optional LCME policy in place get followed by Medical Schools in the United States?
Type
Quantitative, behavioral
Method
Literature analysis of medical school’s curricular list
Reasoning
This question uncovers if medical schools include any of the optional LCME guidelines in their curriculum. This is a simple yes or no question and can be found on their curricular content on their websites.
Research Question 3
How do BIPOC and non BIPOC students perceive, experience, and feel about how race is being taught in the medical curriculum?
Type
Qualitative, attitudinal
Method
Semi-structured focus group discussion, semi-structured in-depth interviews
Reasoning
A focus group was used to elicit and identify different medical student’s norms and varieties in opinions on how they experience race in the medical curriculum. By using a focus group, I collected a majority of codes/ themes relevant to my topic. After conducting 4 different focus groups to construct a better understanding of different themes within the stratums, I will then use these themes to construct an appropriate semi constructed in depth interview questions to better understand all the dimensions of the present themes. With my in depth interview guide, I aim to elicit their individual experiences, student’s discomfort, perceptions, or interpretations of what race is and how they feel race is being covered in the medical curriculum.
Data Analysis
Used MAXQDA to code different themes and meet theme saturation in focus group interviews. Also used MAXQDA in the in-depth interviews to code different themes and meet meaning saturation.
Deliverables & Impact
Between my Literature analysis of medical schools, lecture analysis of curriculum lectures, and interviews of medical students, a lack of action towards any sort of anti-racists pedagogy emerges as a theme between all three. A majority of medical universities had no anti-racists curricula represented and medical students similarly were not getting the appropriate education formally or informally. Many of my interviews with medical students also confirmed my findings in my lecture analysis. Two of my medical student interviews mentioned how it made “no sense that race would make someone more susceptible to disease, although economic and social factors play a significant role.” and how another “recalled sitting in a lecture—one of five Black students in the room—and hearing that Black people are inherently more prone to disease.”. These findings reconfirm the biologically salient frameworks race is being brought up as in medical classrooms and how students of color are having to deal with the brunt of this set up. While it cannot be overstated that my lecture analysis shows the importance of the didactic materials, the marginalization of student experience at the expense of faculty presentation of lecture facts emphasizes how students are utilized in the professionalization process. Moreover, my interviews and the aid of my lecture analysis draws attention to the way in which many educators’ implementation of a curricular mandate to teach about social inequalities may give way to social inequalities of their own. In the face of this research, I am urging Policy makers, medical educators, and students to rethink the medical curriculum’s stance on racism and actual patient centered care. LCME Section 7.6 Guideline needs to be a mandatory guideline that is rooted in anti-racist ideology and does not just teach students about systematic racism, but also how to think radically about eliminating racist harm to specifically address how this can be implemented into practice.